Stone

__**Stone.**__ __**Jig- Saw Puzzle.** __
 * **What do you see in the puzzle?**

The jigsaw puzzle represents a natural scenery, is also the entrance to a structure from stone. Is stone. They use the stone at the entrance and throughout the structure. **__Stone.__** In architecture, it is considered a stone as a building material; which traditionally has been be one of the main materials used for the implementation of the various elements of the buildings.
 * **What is the material used?**
 * **How many types of uses are given to the material?**
 * ** What are stones? **
 * ** How many kinds of stone do you know? **

 The different types of stones can be divided according to their origin, into three groups: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic stones.
 * ** What characteristics do stones have? **

 Stone is material known by his durability, adaptability and his weight.

 Stone is one of the oldest building materials used by man. This learned to work and manage the natural stone as a weapon, as a tool and as raw material for the construction of their first shelters and monuments. Of 3 ways, the stones are been used in construction: as a stressed member, as a decorative element and as raw material for the manufacture of other materials. **__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Text: "Stones". __** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**1) Find 2 definitions in the text.**   <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">- Rubble: roughly broken stones of any shape bounded in mortar.  <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">- Ashlar Masonry: is the strongest and most suitable stonework for monumental architecture, which consists of regularly cut blocks (usually rectangular).   <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**2) Find 2 statements of comparison and contrast.** <span style="display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: justify;">- The best stone (and brick) bonding is that in which blocks are placed so that the vertical joints in one course are not about the joints in the course above and below, since the stone resists deformation better than any bonding material.- Although it has generally been replaced as a structural material by cheaper and more efficient manufactured products, it is still widely used as a surface veneer for its practical and expressive qualities. <span style="display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: justify;">**3) Find 2 statements expressing cause and effect.** <span style="display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: justify;">- Because of its weight and the precision with which it can be shaped, stone masonry (in contrast with brick) does not depend on strong bonding for stability where it supports only direct downward loads.- But this roofing requires so many columns that unvaulted masonry buildings are almost always combined with floors and covering in wood. <span style="display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: justify;">**4) Find 2 adjectives in the superlative form, and 2 in the comparative form.** <span style="display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: justify;">- In most areas where stone is available, it has been favoured over other materials for the construction of monumental architecture.- The strongest and most suitable stonework for monumental architecture is ashlar masonry, which consists of regularly cut blocks (usually rectangular).- Although it has generally been replaced as a structural material by cheaper and more efficient manufactured products, it is still widely used as a surface veneer for its practical and expressive qualities.- Since the stone resists deformation better than any bonding material.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 25px; text-align: justify;">**Why are stones used in construction?**